Membraneless physiology of the living cell. The past and the present

Since the 1880s, concept of compartmentalizing through membranes has taken a firm place in cell physiology and defined objects, methods, goals physiologists’ research for decades. A huge mass biologists know about important role intra-membrane pumps, channels, lipids, various hypotheses origin life often begin with explanations how lipid membrane occurred, without which it is impossible to imagine living cell. Against this background, there was dissonance statements that are membraneless organelles cell, functions rapidly expanding under our eyes. Physically, they similar coacervate droplets, from time were used explain life, now coacervates being more discussed when describing physics nucleus cytoplasm modern cells. However, ideas nature cytoplasm/protoplasm originated first half 19th Century, contents cells likened jelly, but approach gradually faded into shadows. Nevertheless, limited area continued completed form physiology. Now focus attention turned compartmentalization, it’s remember past. The sorption properties proteins physical basis because water adsorbed by changes state any biomolecular system, supramolecular subcellular structures as whole. thermodynamic aqueous phase formed does not mix ordinary and, cause, separated surrounding solution compartment. This article discusses fundamental such – biophase. As out, Meyer–Overton rule, led idea membrane, also applies condensates.